A computer network would refer to a collection of two or more computers with communication between them through a medium. When it came to the communication medium, it can be through radio waves, wires, infrared, optical fibers etc.
An integral part of our daily lives is computer network with the most important reason being that of communication. Sharing resources like fax machines, printers, modem, files, and so on is the use of computer networking and it’s other uses are database server, computer server, email, chat, internet etc. The other computers that access the resource are called clients while the computer to which the resources are attached is called the server. In peer-to-peer computer networks, there are no servers.
The sharing of fax machines, printers, and modems amongst many computers and users reduce the operational cost. A very important application would be a database on a computer as it stores and runs many important data and jobs. You can use emails and chats for instantaneous communication and sending of files on a computer network.
The computer networks are classified, depending upon the size, as Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and Personal Area Networks (PAN). The topology, which is the way the computer networks and network resources are connected, of the networking can be classified as Bus Network, Ring Network and Star Network.
Basically, the networking hardware consists of wiring, network cards, and a hub. Computer network cards are required so that one computer can understand what the other computer is “talking”. Network cards have a unique MAC address to identify computers on a computer network. With hubs, all the computers in the network are connected. Hubs can also be used to connect to other hubs to increase the size of the computer network. Two computers can be connected using Ethernet cards or phone lines or power lines for communication, with hardware kits available at roughly a cost of $100.
As the number of computers in an office or a home increases, so do the number of cables, so wireless networking is a viable solution. Radio transreceivers or infrared signals are used to communicate between computers and devices in wireless networking. Also in wireless networking, some examples would include Wi-fi and Bluetooth technology, though there may be security issues involved in wireless networking. However there definitely is a stronger preference towards wireless networking nowadays among consumers.
What computer networks have added is a new dimension to the 21st century. Unlike the real world, the cyber world today is much faster and wider. Due to computer networks, all of this has been made possible. Business, travel, communication, research, defense, society and almost all human endeavors have all been revolutionized by computer networks. The evolution of computer networks has helped the technological revolution take a big leap forward.
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